Urupapuro rw'ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa bya Bisphenol A/BPA Bisphenol A (BPA)
Incamake y'ibicuruzwa
Incamake y'ibicuruzwa
Izina ry'igicuruzwa: Bisphenol A (Incamake: BPA)
Formula y'ibinyabutabire: C₁₅H₁₆O₂
Nimero ya CAS: 80-05-7
Nimero ya EINECS: 201-245-8
Icyiciro cy'ibicuruzwa: Ibinyabutabire bya Oleo; Ibinyabutabire by'umwimerere
Ishusho: Amakristu y'umweru asa n'urushinge cyangwa ifu nziza y'umweru (ubwoko bw'inganda bushobora kugaragara nk'ibintu bikomeye)
Imiterere y'umubiri n'imiti
| Umutungo | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Uburemere bwa molekile | 228.29 g/mol |
| Aho gushonga | 158–159 °C (316–318 °F) |
| Aho kubira | Ubushyuhe bwa 220 °C (428 °F) kuri 4 mmHg (imiterere y'ubushyuhe) |
| Ubucucike | 1.195 g/cm³ (25 °C) |
| Gushonga | Ntishongera mu mazi; ishongera mu bintu bishongera ibinyabuzima (urugero: ethanol, acetone, benzene, toluene, na ethyl acetate) |
| Aho gusohokera | 227 °C (igikombe gifunze) |
| Ituze | Ihamye mu bushyuhe busanzwe n'igitutu gisanzwe; irashya cyane bitewe n'urumuri rwa ultraviolet (UV) (ishobora kwangirika cyangwa igahinduka ibara iyo ihuye n'imiraba ya UV igihe kirekire); irinde ko yahura n'ibinyabutabire bikomeye, aside na alkali |
Porogaramu z'ibanze
Bisphenol A ni ingenzi cyane mu gukora polimeri zikora neza n'ibikoresho by'inganda, hamwe n'ibi bikurikira by'ingenzi bikoreshwa:
Gukora plastiki ya Polycarbonate (PC)
Nk’ibikoresho by’ibanze bya pulasitiki ya mudasobwa, BPA yemerera gukora ibikoresho bidashobora kwangirika kandi birwanya ubushyuhe nk’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga (mudasobwa zigendanwa, telefoni zigendanwa), ibikoresho by’imodoka (ibipfukisho by’amatara, ibipimo by’imbere), n’ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibiryo (bigenzurwa ku mutekano mu turere twinshi).
Gutunganya Resin ya Epoxy
Ikoreshwa mu gukora resins za epoxy zo gusiga (urugero, imitako y'imbere mu icupa, irangi rirwanya ingese mu nganda), kole (kole ikomeye cyane yo mu kirere no mu bwubatsi), n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikingira (imbaho z'uruziga, imiyoboro ya transformer).
Izindi ngaruka zikoreshwa mu nganda
Ibikoresho fatizo bya polyether polyols (bikoreshwa mu ifuro rya polyurethane).
Inyongeramusaruro mu bikoresho bya pulasitiki, ibigabanya umuriro, n'ibitera imbaraga mu mirasire ya UV mu bikoresho bya polymer.
Iciriritse mu gukora imiti yihariye (urugero: antioxydants, dyestuffs).
Amahame y'Ubuziranenge
Ibicuruzwa byacu bya Bisphenol A byujuje ibisabwa ku rwego rw'isi mu nganda no mu mutekano, hamwe n'ibipimo bisanzwe byo kugenzura isuku n'umwanda nk'ibi bikurikira:
| Urutonde | Icyiciro cy'inganda (Gisanzwe) | Ingano y'ibisubizo (Ubuziranenge Buhanitse) |
|---|---|---|
| Ubuziranenge (HPLC) | ≥ 99.5% | ≥ 99.8% |
| Ingano y'ubushuhe | ≤ 0.1% | ≤ 0.05% |
| Ibirimo ivu | ≤ 0.01% | ≤ 0.005% |
| Umwanda ukabije w’icyuma (Pb, Cd, Hg) | ≤ 10 ppm | ≤ 1 ppm |
| Ibisigazwa bya Phenol | ≤ 0.2% | ≤ 0.05% |
Ibipimo byihariye birahari ku bikenewe mu nganda (urugero, ibiciro by'umwanda muto wo gukora ibikoresho bihuza n'ibiribwa).
Amabwiriza yo Kubika no Gukoresha
Kugira ngo urebe ko ibicuruzwa bihora bihagaze neza kandi bikagira umutekano mu mikorere, kurikiza ibi bisabwa mu kubika no gucunga:
Ibisabwa mu kubika
Ubushyuhe: Bika ahantu hakonje kandi humutse kuri 15–25 °C; irinde ubushyuhe bukabije (>30 °C) cyangwa ubukonje (
Umucyo: Koresha ibikoresho bitagaragara neza (urugero: amacupa y’ibirahure by’umukara, utudomo twa pulasitiki twa HDPE dufite uburinzi bwa UV) kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika guterwa na UV.
Ubushuhe: Gumana ubushuhe buri munsi ya 60%; shyiramo imiti yo gusukura (silica gel, calcium chloride anhydrous) mu bikoresho kugira ngo wirinde ko byangirika.
Ibisabwa mu gufunga
Bika ibikoresho bifunze neza nyuma ya buri gihe cyo kubikoresha kugira ngo wirinde ko ubushuhe bukwirakwira cyangwa ngo bibe byanduza. Irinde gukoresha uburyo bwo gufunga by'agateganyo (urugero: gupfunyika mu pulasitiki) bishobora kwanduzanya.
Amabwiriza yo kwirinda
Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda ku giti cyawe (PPE): Agapfukamunwa k’umukungugu, uturindantoki tudakoresha imiti, n’amadarubindi yo kwirinda mu gihe ukoresha (cyane cyane ku bwoko bw’ifu/udukoko).
Guhumeka: Menya neza ko umwuka utembera neza mu bubiko no mu bigega kugira ngo wirinde ivumbi cyangwa umwuka wiyongera.
Gufata imyanda: Sukura imyanda yamenetse ukoresheje ibintu bitagira umwuka (diatomaceous eath, activated carbon); jugunya imyanda hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga imiti ihumanya ikirere.
Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko
Amabwiriza Mpuzamahanga: Yubahiriza amabwiriza agenga EU REACH (Umugereka wa XVII) ku birebana na BPA mu bikoresho bihuza n'ibiribwa (urugero, bibujijwe mu macupa yo kugaburira abana).
FDA yo muri Amerika: Yujuje amabwiriza ya FDA ku ikoreshwa rya BPA mu bipfukanyo by’ibiribwa n’ibipfukanyo bya pulasitiki (21 CFR 175.300).
Amabwiriza y’Ubushinwa: Yubahiriza GB 4806.6 (amahame y’umutekano ku mavuta ya pulasitiki akoreshwa mu biryo).
Igihe cyo gupakira no kubika
Amahitamo yo gupakira:
Ingano y'inganda: Imifuka ya pulasitiki ya HDPE ya kg 25 (ifite imigozi ya polyethylene imbere) cyangwa imigozi ya fibre ya kg 500 (ifite agapapuro ka aluminiyumu).
Ingano y'ibisubizo: Amacupa y'ikirahure cy'umuhondo ya kilo 1 (afunze neza n'imipfundikizo ya Teflon).
Igihe cyo kubika: Amezi 24 uhereye igihe byakorewe (iyo bibitswe hakurikijwe amabwiriza yavuzwe haruguru, bitarafungurwa).
Ifishi yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa Bisphenol A
| Umusesenguzi | Ishami | Ibisobanuro | Ibisubizo | Uburyo bwo Gupima |
| Isura | / | Ifite utubumbe tw'umweru cyangwa utubumbe, Nta mwanda wa mashini | Ifu y'umweru, Idafite imyanda ya mashini | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Bisphenol A | Mu/% | ≥99.85 | 99.925 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Phenol | Mu/% | ≤0.005 | 0.001 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| 2,4-Isomeri | Mu/% | ≤0.050 | 0.01 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Ingingo ya Crystalline | °C | ≥156.6 | 157.2 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Chroma Ikozwe mu Mavuta | Ibara, Pt-Co (Igice cya Hazen) | ≤20 | 10 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Igisubizo cya Chroma | Ibara, Pt-Co (Igice cya Hazen) | / | 5 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Ubushuhe | Mu/% | ≤0.08 | 0.02 | GB/T 6283-2008 |