Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC): Ingirabuzimafatizo z'ingenzi zidafite uburozi bwinshi kandi zikora neza mu butabire burambye
Imiterere ya fizikikemike n'ubumenyi bw'uturemangingo
Ibyiza by'Imiterere
Uburozi buke: Iyo ufite LD₅₀ (inyowe, imbeba) ya 6400 mg/kg, DMC ifite umutekano ukabije kurusha imiti gakondo ya methylation (urugero: dimethyl sulfate, LD₅₀ = 140 mg/kg), hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya EU REACH ku bihumanya ibidukikije bidahoraho.
Igikorwa cyo gukora:
Methylation: Itsinda rya methoxy (−OCH3) rituma itsinda rya methyl rishobora kwimurwa mu buryo bwizewe, rigasimbuza ubundi buryo bw'uburozi.
Karuboneli: Itsinda rya karuboneli (−CO−) ryoroshya ihererekanya rya ester na aminolise, rishyigikira ikorwa rya polycarbonates zidafite fosgene.
Ubushobozi bwo gushonga: Ifite imiterere ya dielectric ya 3.1, DMC ivanga neza na alcool, ketone, na esters, mu gihe iba ishongesha mu mazi (1.6 g/100 mL kuri 20°C).
Amakuru y'ingenzi afatika
Ubushyuhe bwa DMC bugera kuri 90.5°C butuma ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe buringaniye no mu gusubiza ibintu mu buryo, ikenera ingufu nkeya kuri 30% ugereranyije n’imikorere ishingiye kuri benzene. Ubushyuhe buke bwayo (0.664 mPa・s) butuma ibasha gutemba neza mu bikorwa nka electrolytes za bateri ya lithium, mu gihe enthalpy y’ubushyuhe ya 363 kJ/kg ituma ipfuka n’ibindi bipfukanwa bishyuha neza. Icyitonderwa: Ubushyuhe bwayo bushobora guturika (3.1–20.5% vol) busaba ko ihumeka idaturika.
Porogaramu zitandukanye z'inganda
Udushya mu gukora isesengura ry'icyatsi kibisi
Umusaruro wa Polycarbonate (PC):
Uburyo bwo Kutagira Fosgene: DMC ikorana na bisphenol A (BPA) binyuze mu guhindura imiterere y’ibinyabuzima kugira ngo ikore diphenyl carbonate (DPC), hanyuma igashyirwa muri PC. Ubu buryo bwongera ubushobozi bwa atome kugeza kuri 92% (ugereranyije na 65% ku nzira gakondo za fosgene) kandi bukanakuraho ibintu bihumanya.
Imikorere y'ibicuruzwa: Resins za PC zivuyemo zitanga ubushobozi bwo kohereza urumuri ku kigero cya ≥90%, ubushyuhe bwo guhindura ubushyuhe bwa 135°C, n'imbaraga zo gukubitaho ziruta 10% ugereranyije na PC ikomoka kuri fosgene, ikoreshwa mu byuma by'ikoranabuhanga n'ibipfukisho by'amatara y'imodoka.
Imiti n'imiti ikomoka ku buhinzi:
Uburyo Methylation ikora: Isimbura dimethyl sulfate mu gukora imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imitsi n'amaraso (urugero, nifedipine) n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imitsi (urugero, sertraline), ikongera umusaruro ku kigero cya 15-20% hamwe na methanol nk'umusaruro wonyine.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha Karuboni: Ikoreshwa mu gukora karuboni (udukoko) kugira ngo hirindwe ingese ya HCl, bigabanye ikiguzi cyayo ku kigero cya 25%.
Ingufu n'Ibikoresho Bishya
Electrolyte za bateri ya Lithium:
Ivanze na ethylene karubone (EC) na ethyl methyl karubone (EMC), DMC ikora electrolyte ziringaniye zifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ioni kugeza kuri 1.2 mS/cm. Ibi byongera igihe cy'ubuzima bwa bateri kugeza ku nshuro 1.200 (ubushobozi bwo kubika ≥85%), bihuye n'amabwiriza agenga bateri ya EU (2023/0051) ku burozi buke. Yamaze gukoreshwa mu ikorwa rya bateri ya Tesla ya 4680.
Ibikoresho bishobora kubora:
Ibikoresho bishingiye kuri DMC bikozwe muri kopolimeri hamwe na okiside ya propylene kugira ngo bikore polypropylene karubone (PPC), binyunyuza 40% bya CO₂ bikangirika mu mezi 6-12, bigakemura imyanda ya pulasitiki mu bikoresho byo ku meza bikoreshwa rimwe gusa no mu mafirime y’ubuhinzi.
Irangi n'ibifunga
Ingufu zisukura ibidukikije: Zisimbura toluene/xylene mu irangi rya OEM ry’imodoka, zigera ku gipimo cya VOC ≤50 g/L (munsi cyane y’ibipimo bya GB 24409-2020). Igihe cyo kumisha kigabanuka kikagera ku masaha 2, aho ubukana bwa firime bugera kuri 2H.
Adhesives Zidafite Formaldehyde: Zikoreshwa mu guhuza ibikoresho byo mu nzu, adhesives za polyurethane zishingiye kuri DMC zifite formaldehyde y’ubuntu ≤0.01 mg/m³ (urwego rwa E0), bifasha IKEA kugabanya imyuka ya formaldehyde ho toni zirenga 500 buri mwaka.
Ibyiza by'ibidukikije n'imbogamizi za tekiniki
Ibintu by'ingenzi ku burambe
Ubukungu bwa Atomiki: Ibikomoka kuri methanol bishobora kongera gukoreshwa binyuze mu gusya, bigabanya uburemere bwa COD mu mazi yanduye ku kigero cya 70% ugereranije n'uburyo gakondo.
Gufata Karuboni: Uburyo bwo gukora karuboni butari fosgene bugabanya ubwinshi bwa karuboni ho 45%, mu gihe buri toni ya DMC ikorwa ikoresha toni 0.6 za CO₂ iva mu gaze k’amashanyarazi, ikaba ishyigikira CCU (gufata no gukoresha karuboni).
Imbibi z'udushya
Kugabanya Ikiguzi: Uburyo bwo guhuza CO₂ (bukoresheje methanol, CO₂, na katalysts zishingiye kuri Pd) bugabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho fatizo ho 30%, aho uruganda rw'igerageza rwa Sinopec rwageze ku musaruro wa kilotoni.
Ibisubizo by'Ubuziranenge Bukabije: Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutandukanya no gukurura uturemangingo rigera kuri DMC yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki hamwe na iyoni z'icyuma ≤1 ppb n'ubuziranenge ≥99.999%, byujuje ibipimo bya SEMI C87 byo gusukura semiconductor.
Ibikoresho Bitekanye: DMC ikozwe muri microcapsulated (itwikiriwe na SiO₂ nanoshells) yongera ubushyuhe kuri 60°C, byemejwe na TÜV Rheinland mu bijyanye n'umutekano mu gutwara abantu.
Ibisobanuro
| Izina ry'igicuruzwa | aside propiyonike | |||||||||
| Formula y'ibinyabutabire | C3H6O2 | |||||||||
| Uburemere bwa molekile | 74.08 g/mol | |||||||||
| Isura | Ikiyiko kibonerana kidafite ibara | |||||||||
| Aho gushonga | -20.8℃ | |||||||||
| Aho kubira | 141.1℃ | |||||||||
| Ubucucike | 0.993 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| NOMERO YA CAS | 79 - 09 - 4 | |||||||||
| Kode y'Ubwishingizi bw'Ubuzima (HS) | 29155000 | |||||||||
| NO YA EINECS | 201 - 176 - 3 | |||||||||
| Porogaramu | Bikoreshwa muri pulasitiki, farumasi, ibiryo, imiti isukura n'imibavu | |||||||||
Urupapuro rwo kugenzura ubuziranenge
| Izina ry'igicuruzwa | aside propiyonike | ||||||
| IGITEKEREZO | AGACIRO K'IGIHE GISANZWE(%) | AGACIRO K'IGERAGEZA(%) | |||||
| Ingano ya aside ya propiyonike, w/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Ubucucike (20/20℃) | 0.993-0.997 | 0.996 | |||||
| Ingano y'ibishyuha/℃ | 138.5-142.5 | 139.4-141.1 | |||||
| Ibisigazwa by'umwuka, w/%≤ | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||
| Amazi, w/%≤ | 0.15 | 0.02 | |||||
| Aldehyde, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.04 | |||||
| okiside yoroshye, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |||||
| Pb mg/kg≤ | 2.0 | ≤2.0 | |||||
| Nkuko mg/kg≤ | 3.0 | ≤3.0 | |||||
| Umwanzuro | Kuzuza amahame ya GB 1886.210-2016 | ||||||
Kuki twahitamo DMC yacu?
Imbaraga enye z'ingenzi
Icyizere cy'Ubuziranenge:
Uburyo bwacu bwo gukomeza guhindura ibinyabutabire hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa “triple distillation” butanga DMC yo mu rwego rw’inganda (≥99.5%) n’iyo mu rwego rw’ikoranabuhanga (≥99.99%), hamwe na methanol ≤100 ppm. Agasanduku: Umukiriya wa batiri ukoresha DMC yacu yageze ku kigero cya 98.7% cy’ubushobozi bwo gusohora umuriro bwa mbere (impuzandengo ya 95%).
Ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu:
Ibisubizo byakozwe ku giti cyabyo ku gaciro ka aside (≤0.001 mgKOH/g), ubushuhe (≤50 ppm), na peroxide (≤5 ppm). Urugero, twakoze DMC ya aside nke cyane (0.0005 mgKOH/g) kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu gukora imiti ikoresha aside.
Icyitegererezo cy'ubukungu bushingiye ku ruziga:
Ibikomoka kuri methanol bisubirwamo mu buryo bwa syngas (CO+H₂) kugira ngo bikoreshwe muri DMC, bikagira 95% by'ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho kandi bigabanya imyuka ya CO₂ ho toni 3 kuri toni ya DMC. Gupfunyika imyanda isukurwa hakoreshejwe CO₂ ikomeye cyane kugira ngo 95% byongere gukoreshwa.
Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko ku Isi:
Ikurikiza amabwiriza ya GB/T 1628-2020, ASTM D7056, na JIS K 1551. Ibirango bya GHS byihariye na MSDS byujuje ibisabwa mu karere (urugero: Ubuhinde BIS, Brezili INMETRO), bituma habaho kwishyura gasutamo amasaha 72.
Guteza imbere ubutabire burambye
Dimethyl Carbonate irimo kuvugurura inganda binyuze mu miterere yayo "itangiza uburozi, ikora neza, kandi ishobora kongera gukoreshwa". Twiyemeje inzira nshya n'ibisubizo bigabanya karubone, dutanga inkunga kuva ku bikoresho fatizo kugeza ku bikorwa. Guhitamo DMC yacu bivuze gufatanya n'ubudahangarwa - aho buri gitonyanga gitera kugabanya umwanda, gukoresha ingufu neza, no gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga, hamwe no kubaka ahazaza h'ibinyabutabire bito.