Glyphosate: Ubutabire bw'ubuhinzi bukoreshwa cyane kandi bw'ingenzi
Amashami y'ingenzi yo gusaba
Mu buhinzi, glyphosate ni umuti w’ingenzi mu kurwanya ibimera. Ikora neza mu gukumira enzyme ya 5 - enolpyruvylshikimate - 3 - phosphate synthase (EPSPS) mu bimera. Iyi enzyme ni ingenzi cyane mu gukora aside amine zihumura neza, ari zo zikenewe mu gukura no gukura kw'ibimera. Mu guhagarika iyi enzyme, glyphosate ibangamira imikorere isanzwe y'ibyatsi bibi, bigatuma bigabanuka buhoro buhoro kandi bigapfa. Imiterere yayo ituma ibasha kwinjirwa n'amababi no kujyanwa mu bimera byose, ikica ibice by'ibyatsi bibi biri hejuru y'ubutaka no munsi y'ubutaka, harimo n'imizi. Ibi bituma igira akamaro kanini mu kurwanya ibyatsi bibi bihoraho bitari ngombwa kubikuraho.
Glyphosate ijyanye n'uburyo butandukanye bw'ibihingwa. Mu bihingwa byahinduwe mu buryo bw'uturemangingo (GM) byakozwe kugira ngo bishobore kwihanganira glyphosate, nka soya, ibigori, n'ipamba, bishobora gusukwa ku bihingwa bikura kugira ngo birwanye ibyatsi bibi bitagize ingaruka ku bihingwa ubwabyo. Ibi byahinduye imikorere y'ubuhinzi, bituma habaho uburyo bwo kurwanya ibyatsi bibi cyane kandi binoze, bigabanya gukenera guhinga hakoreshejwe imashini no kugabanya isuri. Byongeye kandi, mu bihingwa bitari ibya GM, glyphosate ishobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya ibyatsi bibi mbere yo gutera cyangwa nyuma yo gusarura, gutegura ubutaka bwo gutera cyangwa kwemeza ko ahantu hasaruwe haguma nta byatsi bibi.
Uretse ubuhinzi, glyphosate ikoreshwa no mu turere tudahingwa. Ikoreshwa mu kurwanya ibyatsi bibi mu nganda, ku nkengero z'imihanda, ku nkengero za gari ya moshi, no hafi y'aho ibikorwa remezo bikorera. Mu kubungabunga utu duce nta bimera bidakenewe, bifasha kubungabunga ibikorwa remezo, bigabanya ibyago by'inkongi z'umuriro, kandi bikongera umutekano.
Nubwo ifite ibyiza byinshi, glyphosate yakunze kuvugwaho rumwe. Hari impungenge zagaragajwe ku ngaruka zishobora kugira ku bidukikije no ku buzima bw'abantu. Hari ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hari isano ishobora kuba ifitanye n'ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by'ubuzima, nubwo ubwumvikane bwa siyansi kuri ibi bibazo bukomeje kutumvikana. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inzego zishinzwe kugenzura hirya no hino ku isi zakurikiraniye hafi ikoreshwa ryayo, zishyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akaze ku gipimo cy'ikoreshwa ryayo, ingamba zo kwirinda, n'ibisabwa ku birango.
Mu bubiko, glyphosate igomba kubikwa ahantu hakonje kandi humutse, kure y'izuba ryinshi n'ibindi bintu bidahuye nabyo. Mu gihe ukoresha glyphosate, ugomba kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda, nk'uturindantoki, amadarubindi, n'imyenda yo kwirinda, kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika. Byongeye kandi, guta neza ibicuruzwa cyangwa ipaki byakoreshejwe ni ngombwa kugira ngo wirinde kwanduza ibidukikije.
Ibisobanuro
| Izina ry'igicuruzwa | Glyphosate | |||||||||
| Formula y'ibinyabutabire | C₃H₈NO₅P | |||||||||
| Uburemere bwa molekile | 169.07 | |||||||||
| Isura | ifu y'umweru | |||||||||
| Aho gushonga | 230°C | |||||||||
| Ubucucike | 1.747 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| NOMERO YA CAS | 1071 - 83 - 6 | |||||||||
| Kode y'Ubwishingizi bw'Ubuzima (HS) | 29319000.9 | |||||||||
| NO YA EINECS | 213 - 997 - 4 | |||||||||
| Porogaramu | Kurwanya ibyatsi bibi mu buhinzi, gucunga ibyatsi bibi mu butaka budahingwa | |||||||||
Urupapuro rwo kugenzura ubuziranenge
| Izina ry'igicuruzwa | Glyphosate | ||||||
| IGITEKEREZO | AGACIRO K'IGIHE GISANZWE(%) | AGACIRO K'IGERAGEZA(%) | |||||
| Igice cy'uburemere bwa Glyphosate % | ≥95.0 | 95.60% | |||||
| Igice cy'uburemere bwa formaldehyde g/kg | ≤1.2 | 0.2 | |||||
| Sodiyumu hidroksidi idashonga g/kg | ≤0.2 | 0.1 | |||||
| Igice cy'uburemere bwa Nitrosoglyphosate mg/kg | ≤1.0 | 0.30% | |||||
Muri make
Muri make, glyphosate, nubwo hari impaka zikomeje ku ikoreshwa ryayo, iracyari imiti y'ingenzi mu buhinzi bwa none no mu micungire y'ibyatsi bibisi. Ingufu zayo, uburyo ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, n'ingaruka zayo ku mikorere myiza y'ubuhinzi byatumye igira uruhare runini mu musaruro w'ibiribwa ku isi. Uko ubushakashatsi bukomeza n'amabwiriza agenda ahinduka, ahazaza ha glyphosate hashobora kuba harimo uburinganire hagati y'inyungu zayo n'imbaraga zo gukemura ibibazo bifitanye isano.