Bisphenol A (BPA): Umushinga w'ingenzi w'ibikoresho bitanga umusaruro mwinshi

Isesengura ryimbitse ry'Imiterere y'ibanze ya Fizikikemike

Imiterere yihariye ya Molekile: Molekile ya BPA igizwe n'amatsinda abiri ya phenolic hydroxyl ahujwe n'agatsiko ka propane. Iyi miterere iyiha imikorere yihariye ya shimi. Amatsinda abiri ya phenolic hydroxyl aha BPA imiterere ikomeye ya nucleophilicity, ituma ishobora gukorana n'ibintu bitandukanye. Muri icyo gihe, agatsiko ka propane gaha molekile urwego runaka rwo gukomera no kubangamira steri, bigira ingaruka ku guhitamo no gukora kwa BPA mu buryo butandukanye bwa shimi.

Imiterere ifatika: BPA ifite aho ishongera hagati ya 158 - 159°C, aho ishongera hagati ya 400.8°C, n'ubucucike bwa hafi 1.195g/cm³. Ahantu ho gushongera no kubira cyane bitanga ubuziranenge bwayo mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'igitutu bisanzwe, mu gihe ubucucike bwayo bukwiye bugira uruhare mu ikoreshwa ryayo risaba ubucucike bw'ibikoresho runaka, nko mu gutegura plastiki na resins zimwe na zimwe, aho imiterere y'ubucucike bwa BPA ishobora kugira ingaruka ku miterere y'umubiri no gutunganya ibikoresho bya nyuma. Irashongera gato muri tetrachloride ya karuboni, ntishongera cyane mu mazi, ariko irashongera mu bintu bitandukanye bisanzwe bya organic, kandi iyi miterere y'ubucucike igena imikorere yayo n'uburyo bwo kuyikoresha mu buryo butandukanye bwa solvent.

Porogaramu z'ingenzi mu Nzego nyinshi

Gukora Plastiki na Resin:
Umusaruro wa Polycarbonate (PC): BPA ni yo mashini fatizo ikoreshwa mu gukora polycarbonate (PC). Polycarbonate igaragara cyane mu nzego nyinshi bitewe n'uko igaragara neza cyane (itanga urumuri rurenga 90%), idashobora gukurura cyane (inshuro 250 - 300 z'ikirahure gisanzwe), idahinduka cyane, kandi idashobora gushyuha (ubushyuhe bushobora guhindagurika kugeza kuri 130 - 140°C). Mu nganda z'ikoranabuhanga n'amashanyarazi, mudasobwa ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora udusanduku twa mudasobwa, telefoni zigendanwa, n'ibindi bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ibyo bikaba bidatanga gusa uburinzi bwizewe ku bice by'imbere mu buryo bunoze ahubwo binatuma ibicuruzwa bihangana ku isoko bitewe n'uko bigaragara neza kandi bifite imiterere myiza. Mu nganda z'imodoka, mudasobwa ikoreshwa mu gukora udupfukampo tw'amatara y'imodoka, udupfukampo tw'ibikoresho, n'ibindi bice. Umucyo mwinshi w'udupfukampo tw'amatara y'imodoka utuma urumuri rugaragara nijoro, mu gihe imiterere y'udupfukampo tw'ibikoresho ihamya ko ibice by'ibikoresho bitera ihuriro ryiza kandi bigakoreshwa mu gihe kirekire. Mu rwego rw'ubwubatsi, ibikoresho bya PC bikozwe mu mirasire y'izuba, amatara, n'ibindi bicuruzwa bikoreshwa cyane mu nyubako za leta nko mu maduka manini na sitade bitewe n'uko birwanya ingaruka mbi cyane kandi bigatuma urumuri rugera, bigatuma imbere haba urumuri kandi rufite umutekano.

Gutunganya Epoxy Resin: BPA ni na yo monomer y'ingenzi mu gutegura epoxy resin. Epoxy resin ifite ubushobozi bwo gufata neza kandi ishobora gufatanya neza ibikoresho bitandukanye nk'ibyuma, ibiti, n'ibirahure, bityo ikaba ifite umwanya ukomeye mu rwego rwo gufatanya. Mu nganda z'indege, kole zishingiye kuri epoxy zikoreshwa mu gufatanya ibice by'imiterere y'indege kugira ngo imiterere y'indege ikomeze kuba myiza kandi igire umutekano mu gihe cy'indege ziguruka. Muri icyo gihe, epoxy resin ifite ubushobozi bwo kudakora neza kw'ibinyabutabire no kwirinda kwangirika kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo gupakira no gusiga. Urugero, amashami y'uruziga mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga akunze gushyirwamo epoxy resin kugira ngo arinde ibice by'ikoranabuhanga kwangirika kw'ibidukikije no kunoza umutekano n'ubuzima bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Mu rwego rwo gusiga, epoxy resin ikoreshwa mu kurinda ubuso bw'icyuma, gishobora kurwanya kwangirika kw'ibintu bya shimi nka aside na alkali no kongera igihe cyo gukora cy'ibikoresho by'icyuma.

Izindi porogaramu nziza za shimi:
Gutunganya Ingufu Zidacana: Ingufu zidacana umuriro nka tetrabromobisphenol A zishobora gukorwa muri BPA. Kongeramo ingufu zidacana umuriro bifite akamaro kanini mu nganda nka pulasitiki n'imyenda. Mu bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki, ingufu zidacana umuriro zishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho. Iyo bihuye n'isoko y'umuriro, umwuka udashobora gucana cyangwa urwego rwa karubone rwakozwe n'ingufu zidacana umuriro bishobora kubuza ko umwuka wa ogisijeni n'ubushyuhe bikwirakwira kandi bikabuza gutwika. Urugero, kongeramo ingufu zidacana umuriro mu dusanduku twa pulasitiki tw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'amashanyarazi bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago by'umuriro no kurinda ubuzima bw'abantu n'ibintu byabo. Mu myenda, gukoresha ingufu zidacana umuriro bishobora gutuma imyenda idacana umuriro iyo ihuye n'isoko y'umuriro kandi bikagabanya ingaruka mbi ziterwa no gutwika imyenda mu muriro.

Antioxydants n'Ibitera Guhagarara k'Ubushyuhe: BPA ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu kirwanya ubushyuhe n'ibitera guhagarara k'ubushyuhe muri bimwe mu bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki na rubber. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya pulasitiki, ibintu nk'ubushyuhe bwinshi na ogisijeni bituma pulasitiki isaza kandi ikangirika, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere n'igihe cyo kuyitunganya. Nk'ikintu kirwanya ubushyuhe, BPA ishobora gufata ibintu bitera ubushyuhe mu buryo bwa pulasitiki, ikabuza ko uruhererekane rw'ibikorwa bya ogisijeni rutangira, kandi ikadindiza igihe cyo gusaza kwa pulasitiki. Muri icyo gihe, nk'ikintu kirwanya ubushyuhe, BPA ishobora kunoza uburyo pulasitiki iguma mu bushyuhe bwinshi kandi ikabuza pulasitiki kubora, guhinduka ibara, n'ibindi bibazo mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya cyangwa kuyikoresha. Mu bicuruzwa bya rubber, BPA ishobora kandi kugira uruhare nk'urwo, yongerera ubushyuhe n'umwuka wa ogisijeni mu buryo butuma rubber isaza kandi yongere igihe cyo kuyitunganya nk'amapine y'imodoka n'udupfundikizo twa rubber.

Ibibazo ku Mutekano n'Ibisubizo ku Nganda

Gushakisha Ibyago by'Ubuzima: BPA ifite uburozi buke kandi ishobora kwimuka no guhinduka mu bidukikije no mu mubiri w'umuntu. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwagaragaje ko BPA ifite ingaruka nk'iza estrogen kandi ishobora kubangamira sisitemu y'imisemburo y'umubiri w'umuntu. Cyane cyane ku bana bato, iterambere ry'imisemburo yabo y'imyororokere rishobora kugira ingaruka, bigatera indwara zijyanye n'imisemburo y'imyororokere. Muri icyo gihe, BPA ishobora no gutera ubudahangarwa bwa insuline, bigatera ibibazo by'ubuzima nko kuba isukari nyinshi mu maraso n'umubyibuho ukabije. Hari ubushakashatsi bw'inyamaswa bwagaragaje ko inyamaswa zakorewe igerageza za BPA igihe kirekire zifite iterambere ridasanzwe ry'ingingo z'imyororokere n'impinduka mu myitwarire. Nubwo ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka za BPA ku buzima bw'abantu bugikomeje, ibihugu byinshi byafashe ingamba zo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya BPA mu bicuruzwa runaka bitewe n'impungenge ku ngaruka ku buzima.

Gahunda z'inganda n'iterambere ry'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko: Bitewe n’ibibazo by’umutekano bya BPA, ibihugu byinshi n’uturere hirya no hino ku isi byashyizeho amabwiriza ajyanye no kugabanya ikoreshwa ryayo. Mu 2011, Minisiteri y’Ubuzima y’Ubushinwa n’andi mashami atandatu yashyizeho itegeko ribuza ikoreshwa rya BPA mu gukora, gutumiza no kugurisha amacupa y’amata y’abana bato. Ibihugu n’uturere nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Kanada, n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi na byo byagiye bigabanya ikoreshwa rya BPA mu gupfunyika ibiribwa, ibicuruzwa by’abana bato, n’ahandi. Bihanganye n’ibi bisabwa n’amategeko, inganda zirimo gushakisha uburyo bwo guhindura BPA, nka bisphenol S (BPS) na diphenyl sulfone. Muri icyo gihe, ibigo bikora ibintu birimo kunoza uburyo bitunganya umusaruro no gushimangira igenzura ry’ubuziranenge kugira ngo bigabanye ingano ya BPA yimurirwa mu kirere kandi byuzuze amahame agenga ibintu ndetse n’ibyo abaguzi basabwa kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bikore neza, hagamijwe kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bikora neza. Mu ikorwa rya polycarbonate na epoxy resins, ibigo bikora neza umuvuduko wo guhindura BPA no kugabanya BPA isigaye idakora neza mu bicuruzwa binyuze mu kunoza imiterere y’ibikorwa no kunoza sisitemu za catalyst.

Ibisobanuro

Urupapuro rwo kugenzura ubuziranenge

Kuki twahitamo BPA yacu?

Twiyemeje gutanga ibicuruzwa bya BPA byiza kandi bihamye. Buri sano kuva ku kugura ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku gukora no gutunganya rikurikiza sisitemu zikomeye zo kugenzura ubuziranenge kugira ngo harebwe ko ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge bwinshi, umwanda muke, kandi ibipimo byose byujuje ibisabwa mu nganda. Dufite itsinda ry’inzobere mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere rishobora gutanga ibisubizo byihariye hakurikijwe ibyo abakiriya bakeneye kugira ngo rifashe abakiriya kugera ku dushya no guteza imbere mu nzego nka pulasitiki, resins, n’imiti myiza. Muri icyo gihe, dufite ubushobozi bwo gucunga neza ibicuruzwa kugira ngo dushobore gutanga ibicuruzwa ku gihe kandi mu buryo buhamye kugira ngo bihuze n’ibyo abakiriya bakeneye mu musaruro munini. Mu rwego rw’ibibazo by’umutekano wa BPA mu nganda, twita cyane ku miterere y’amategeko, dukomeza gushora imari mu micungire y’ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere, kandi tugateza imbere kuvugurura inzira z’umusaruro mu buryo bw’ibidukikije kandi bufite umutekano kugira ngo abaguzi babone ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa kandi byizewe.

Hitamo BPA yacu, shyira hamwe kugira ngo mukomeze gutera imbere mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho bifite imikorere myiza, muhure n'ibibazo, kandi murusheho kugira agaciro.