Isi yose - Acide Adipic ya mbere: Ishingiro ry'ingenzi ry'ibikoresho bya polymeri n'imiti bikora neza cyane

Imiterere y'umubiri n'imiti

Imiterere n'imiterere: Aside Adipic ikunze kugaragara nk'ifu y'umweru, ikoze mu buryo bwa kristu cyangwa kristu nto zidafite ibara. Ifite imiterere yoroshye kandi nta mpumuro igira mu bihe bisanzwe, ibi bigatuma ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye aho hakenewe imiterere y'ibyumviro idafite aho ibogamiye.
Gushonga: Ifite ubushobozi bwo gushonga buri ku rugero mu mazi, aho hafi 1.44 g ishonga mu mazi ya mL 100 kuri 25°C. Ariko, ishonga cyane mu bintu bishongesha nk'amavuta nka ethanol, acetone, na benzene. Iyi myitwarire yo gushonga ituma igira uruhare runini mu bikorwa bitandukanye bya shimi n'imiti.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bihoraho: Aside Adipic ifite uburemere bwa molar bwa 146.14 g/mol. Ubucucike bwayo buri hafi 1.36 g/cm³ kuri 25°C, ikaba ifite ubucucike buto ugereranyije n'amazi. Aho aside adipic ishongera ni 152°C, bigaragaza ko iva ku kintu gikomeye ijya ku kintu cy'amazi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Aho ibira ni 337.5°C, nubwo ishobora gutangira kubora mbere yuko igera kuri ubu bushyuhe mu gihe cy'umuvuduko w'ikirere. Aho irangirira ni 207°C, bigaragaza ko ikenera ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ibikoresho byo gutwika kugira ngo igire ibyago byo gushya.

Uburyo bwo gukora imiti: Nk’aside dicarboxylic, aside adipic igizwe n’amatsinda abiri y’imikorere ya karubokisili (-COOH), ayiha ubushobozi bwo gukora cyane mu binyabutabire. Igira uruhare rworoshye mu gukora esterification hamwe na alcool, igakora esters zikoreshwa cyane mu gukora pulasitiki, amavuta, n’impumuro nziza. Byongeye kandi, ishobora gukorana na diamine binyuze mu gukora condensation polymerization kugira ngo ikore polyamides, cyane cyane nylon 6,6. Iyi polymerization reaction ni inkingi ikomeye y’inganda zikora fibre na pulasitiki. Aside adipic ishobora kandi kugabanuka kwa reactions kugira ngo ikore alcool zijyanye nayo kandi ishobora gukorana na bases kugira ngo ikore umunyu, uzwi nka adipate.

Ahantu ho Gukoresha Serivisi

Umusaruro wa Polyamide (Nylon): Uburyo bunini kandi buhambaye bwo gukoresha aside adipic buri mu gukora polyamides, cyane cyane nylon 6,6. Muri ubu buryo, aside adipic ikorana na hexamethylenediamine mu buryo bwa condensation polymerization reaction. nylon 6,6 ivamo ni pulasitiki ifite imikorere myiza izwiho gukomera kwayo, kuramba kwayo, kudashwanyagurika kwayo, ndetse n'imiterere yayo myiza ya mekanike. nylon 6,6 ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'imodoka mu bice nk'ibice bya moteri, ibikoresho, na bearings. Ni kandi ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu nganda z'imyenda, aho ikoreshwa mu gukora imyenda myiza cyane yo kudoda imyenda, tapi, n'imyenda yo mu nzu bitewe n'imbaraga zayo, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira irangi.

Amavuta yo mu bwoko bwa pulasitiki n'amavuta yo kwisiga: Aside Adipic ikoreshwa mu gukora pulasitiki zishingiye kuri adipate. Izi pulasitiki zongerwa muri polymer, cyane cyane polyvinyl chloride (PVC), kugira ngo zongere ubushobozi bwo koroshya, gutunganya no kuramba kwazo. Adipate plasticizers zikundwa cyane mu bikorwa aho bisaba koroshya ubushyuhe buke, nko mu gukora insinga z'imodoka, imiyoboro y'ubuvuzi, n'ibicuruzwa bya PVC birwanya ubukonje. Byongeye kandi, esters zikomoka kuri aside Adipic zikoreshwa nk'amavuta mu bikorwa bitandukanye by'inganda, zitanga ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya kwangirika no kurwanya gushwanyagurika, kandi zikwiriye gukoreshwa muri moteri, ibikoresho, n'izindi sisitemu za mekanike.

Inganda z'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa (Ikoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye): Nubwo aside adipic idakoreshwa mu biribwa mu buryo butaziguye, ikoreshwa mu gukora ibiribwa - ibikoresho byo gukoraho n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibiribwa. Esters zayo, iyo zikoreshejwe mu gupfuka no gufunga ibiribwa - ibikoresho byo gupfunyika, zifasha mu kwemeza ubuziranenge n'umutekano w'ibikomoka ku biribwa mu gukumira kwanduza no kubungabunga ubushya bw'ibikomoka ku biribwa. Byongeye kandi, polymer zishingiye kuri aside adipic zishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bikora ku biribwa mu gihe cyo gutunganya, nk'imikandara yo kohereza n'udupfunyika.

Inganda zikora imiti n'ubwiza: Mu nganda zikora imiti, aside adipic ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi mu miti. Ishobora gukora nk'ikintu gifasha mu kugenzura pH y'imiti n'ibiyikomokaho, bigatuma imiti iguma neza kandi ikora neza. Mu nganda zikora ubwiza, aside adipic esters zikoreshwa mu bintu bitandukanye, nk'amavuta yo kwisiga, amavuta yo kwisiga, n'iminwa yo kwisiga, kugira ngo inoze imiterere, yongere ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwira, kandi itange imiterere myiza, bigatuma uruhu rusa neza kandi rworoshye.

Uburyo bwo gutegura

Oxidation ya Cyclohexane: Ubu ni bwo buryo bwiganje mu nganda bwo gukora aside adipike. Iyi nzira itangirira ku gushonga kwa cyclohexane imbere y’umusemburo, ubusanzwe ukomoka kuri kobaltike. Mu gushonga kwa mbere, cyclohexane ikorana n’umwuka cyangwa ogisijeni kugira ngo ikore uruvange rwa cyclohexanol na cyclohexanone, inzira izwi nka "amavuta ya KA" (amavuta ya ketone - alcohol). Iyi reaction ikorwa ku bushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 150 - 160 n’umuvuduko wa 1 - 1.5 MPa. Nyuma yaho, amavuta ya KA yongera gushonga mu cyiciro cya kabiri hakoreshejwe aside nitrike nk’umusemburo ugabanya ubushyuhe, ubusanzwe ku bushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 60 - 80 n’umuvuduko w’ikirere. Iyi oxidation yo mu cyiciro cya kabiri ihindura cyclohexanol na cyclohexanone mo aside adipike. Ariko, ubu buryo bufite imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe ku bidukikije, kuko ikoreshwa rya aside nitrike ritanga okiside nitrous (N₂O), imyuka ikomeye ihumanya ikirere, kandi bisaba gucunga neza imyanda.

Uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu binyabuzima: Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hakomeje kwiyongera gushishikazwa n'uburyo bwa biotechnological bwo gukora aside adipic nk'uburyo burambye. Udukoko duto, nka bagiteri cyangwa umusemburo wahinduwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo, dushobora gukoreshwa mu guhindura ibiryo bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, nk'isukari cyangwa amavuta akomoka ku bimera, mo aside adipic binyuze mu nzira zitandukanye zo guhindura imikorere y'umubiri. Urugero, bagiteri zimwe na zimwe zishobora guhindurwamo ibintu bishobora guhindurwamo aside adipic. Nubwo ubu buryo bwa biotechnological bukiri mu cyiciro cy'iterambere kandi buhanganye n'imbogamizi zijyanye n'umusaruro n'ikiguzi, butanga amahirwe yo gukora aside adipic mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije kandi burambye mu gihe kizaza.

Amabwiriza yo Kwirinda

Ingaruka ku buzima: Aside Adipic ishobora gutera ububabare ku ruhu no mu maso iyo ikoze ku ruhu. Kurwara uruhu igihe kirekire cyangwa kenshi bishobora gutera dermatitis, kandi iyo ikoze ku maso, ishobora gutera gutukura, ububabare, ndetse no kwangirika kw'ijisho ry'umukungugu. Guhumeka uduce tw'umukungugu wa aside Adipic bishobora gukurura inzira y'ubuhumekero, bigatera gukorora, guhumeka nabi no guhumeka nabi. Kurya aside Adipic nyinshi bishobora gutera ububabare mu gifu, harimo isesemi, kuruka no gucibwamo. Abakozi bakora aside Adipic bagomba kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda, nk'uturindantoki, indorerwamo z'umutekano, n'udupfukamunwa two guhumeka, cyane cyane ahantu hashoboka ko habaho ivumbi.

Inkongi n'ibisasu bishobora guterwa n'inkongi: Nubwo aside adipic ifite aho ikura cyane, irashya. Iyo imeze nk'ifu, ishobora gukora uruvange rw'ibiturika hamwe n'umwuka iyo itatanye mu buryo buhagije. Ahantu ho kubika hagomba kubikwa kure y'aho umuriro uturuka, kandi umwuka uhagije ni ngombwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko ivumbi ryiyongera. Mu gihe habayeho inkongi irimo aside adipic, hagomba gukoreshwa ibikoresho birwanya inkongi, nk'ifu y'ibinyabutabire byumye cyangwa dioxyde de carbone.

Ingaruka ku bidukikije: Aside aside aside iguma mu bidukikije mu rugero ruciriritse. Iyo isohotse mu mazi, ishobora kwangirika na mikorobe uko igihe kigenda gihita, ariko ubwinshi bwayo bushobora kugira ingaruka ku binyabuzima byo mu mazi. Ishobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku gipimo cya pH cy’amazi bitewe n’imiterere yayo ya aside. Kubwibyo, ingamba zo gucunga imyanda neza no kuyirinda ni ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe ko aside aside aside isohoka mu bidukikije mu buryo bugenzurwa. Inganda zikora cyangwa zikoresha aside aside aside zisabwa gukurikiza amabwiriza akaze agenga ibidukikije kugira ngo zigabanye ingaruka zayo ku butaka, amazi, n’umwuka.

Ibisobanuro

Urupapuro rwo kugenzura ubuziranenge